{"id":2101,"date":"2009-01-15T20:14:44","date_gmt":"2009-01-16T00:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/?p=2101"},"modified":"2009-01-15T20:14:44","modified_gmt":"2009-01-16T00:14:44","slug":"at-your-runlevel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/?p=2101","title":{"rendered":"At your Runlevel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"dropcap\">E<\/span>arlier, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/?attachment_id=2102\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2102\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/01\/debian_start-150x112.png\" alt=\"A New Hope\" title=\"A New Hope\" width=\"150\" height=\"112\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-2102\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/01\/debian_start-150x112.png 150w, http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/01\/debian_start-300x225.png 300w, http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/01\/debian_start.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>I was reminded of the typical run-levels on Linux systems, particularly on Debian-flavoured distributions. For <a href=\"http:\/\/www.debian-administration.org\/articles\/212\">future reference<\/a><sup>1<\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Run level 0: System Halt<\/li>\n<li>Run level 1: Single User\/No networking (&#8220;Safe Mode&#8221; for Windows connoisseurs). In this mode daemons won&#8217;t be started.<\/li>\n<li>Run level 2: Full Multi-user<\/li>\n<li>Run level 3: Full Multi-user, same as two, but commonly used for text console login.<\/li>\n<li>Run level 4: Full Multi-user<\/li>\n<li>Run level 5: Full Multi-user, same as two, but commonly used for full-blown X-Server login.<\/li>\n<li>Run level 6: System Reboot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are specific commands to tell the environment to go to any of the earlier mentioned run-levels: however, as a normal user, the only way you generally switch level is via the &#8216;shutdown&#8217; command (which as you guess either changes the run-level to 0 or 6. As the Debian Administration mentions, this is probably a command you want to <a href=\"http:\/\/unixhelp.ed.ac.uk\/CGI\/man-cgi?shutdown+8\">learn by heart<\/a>. Well, at least you should be familiar with the following command:\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"quote\">shutdown -h &#8220;now&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>So, yeah, you have a daemon that got stuck during boot-up and how do you get into Run-level 1? Most Linux distros nowadays use <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/grub\/manual\/grub.html\">GRUB as a bootloader<\/a> (without peeking at Wikipedia, I think that stands for &#8216;Grand Unified Bootloader&#8217;), so if you&#8217;re a LILO user, sorry. Anyway: GRUB allows you to interrupt the boot-process and issue extra command-line parameters (press the &#8216;e&#8217; key) before booting the computer. On simple Debian-based systems (<a href=\"http:\/\/damnsmalllinux.org\/\">Damn Small Linux<\/a>): To boot right into Run level 1 the only thing you need to do is to replace the last number of the main boot command (&#8216;kernel&#8217;) to a 1 (most likely it will say either 3 or 5). You can also append &#8216;single&#8217; to the commandline, apparently. Debian-based flavours that run X-Server and that (Ubuntu fellows, I look at you): to boot into single mode, just press ESC and select (any) of the recovery modes presented to you by GRUB.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"reference\">\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> Nowadays, Debian Administration is not one of the most stable sites it appears&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier, I was reminded of the typical run-levels on Linux systems, particularly on Debian-flavoured distributions. For future reference1: Run level 0: System Halt Run level 1: Single User\/No networking (&#8220;Safe Mode&#8221; for Windows connoisseurs). In this mode daemons won&#8217;t be &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/?p=2101\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[169,170],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hoogervorst.ca\/arthur\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}